Abstract
Izmit Bay is located at the eastern end of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an important adjacent area to the Mediterranean Sea. The extent of pollution in the Bay is increased beyond tolerable levels mainly due to substantial and unplanned growth of a large spectrum of industrial activities. A comprehensive project for the prevention and elimination of pollution in Izmit Bay is realised. The assessment of pollution from land-based sources was the most significant step in this project. The study revealed that the Bay receives a total municipal wastewater flow of 70000cum/day and a total industrial waste discharge of 120000cum/day. The total BOD load was noted to be subdivided as 30000kg/day and 75000kg/day between municipal and industrial sources respectively. Similar figures were also computed for all the other parameters including nutrients and heavy metals. The evaluation showed that the eastern part of the Bay receives more than 70% of the total pollution load.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 147-155 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Aug 1991 |
Funding
petrochemical plants within the area. In this respect, the impact of a rapid population expansion in residential areas along the Bay should also be recognized: 1980 census data indicate a total population of 331000 within the Bay area. On the basis of forecasts for 2005, this population is expected to reach 2228000, exhibiting an almost 7-fold increase for the next 25 years. The Bay now serves as the recipient of a multitude of untreated industrial and municipal waste discharges. Recently a comprehensive project was started for the prevention and elimination of pollution in Izmit Bay. The project was defined and sponsored by The Turkish Prime Ministry Undersecretariat for the Environment. The project is planned to serve the development and consideration of principles and concepts not only for Izmit Bay but for all major projects on the environmental problems in Turkey. The specific objective was the assessment of an integrity of technical principles and engineering implementation schemes leading to optimal solutions for techno-economical problems arising from the complex array of industrial and municipal wastewater management in the area. The major concepts are set as development of quality objectives, assessment of technological context, development of alternative strategies for pollution control, definition of control and monitoring schemes, identification of legal, institutional and administrative framework. This comprehensive study involved a number of subprojects to clarify specific issues of interest. Three NATO supported projects were also initiated to deal with water quality modeling in the Bay, treatability of industrial wastewaters and treatment sludges handling and disposal. The project provided solutions and brought guidelines to the above-mentioned aspects; the main outputs were, the land use planning, identification of beneficial uses in Izmit Bay, regulations on water quality criteria, hydraulic modeling of the Bay, classification of industries, effluent limitation guidelines and pretreatment regulations for industries in the Bay, guidelines for disposal of sludges and hazardous wastes, legal and institutional framework for implementation. This paper outlines the approach employed in the determination of pollutants from land-based sources in Izmit Bay, the breakdown and classification of sources and their contribution to the pollution. Results of the study are presented and evaluated.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Turkish Prime Ministry Undersecretariat for the Environment |
