Optimization of OWC efficiency: Experimental insights into geometrically modified chambers

This study investigates the hydrodynamic efficiency of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) with geometrically modified chamber configurations to enhance energy conversion performance under various wave conditions. Six chamber designs, including a single-chamber reference case and five modified configurations incorporating vertical plates and guide vanes, were tested. Experiments covered a range of incident wave frequencies (dimensionless wave frequency, Kh), two wave heights (0.07 m and 0.10 m), and two Power Take-Off (PTO) damping levels (orifice ratios of 0.0079 and 0.0103). The case E configuration, featuring guide vanes above and below the vertical plates with optimized positioning, achieved the highest efficiency, with an average improvement of 47 % compared to the reference case. Modifications significantly reduced sloshing and promoted synchronized piston-like motion within sub-chambers, enhancing energy conversion. Lower guide vanes demonstrated superior effectiveness, reducing energy losses caused by vortex formation and directing wave energy efficiently into the chamber. These geometric enhancements not only improve efficiency but also broaden the operational bandwidth of OWCs, enabling effective wave energy capture across a wider range of conditions. The findings highlight the potential of these modifications to advance wave energy conversion technology.