Optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling of single-domed historical masonry buildings

This study aims to identify the optimal intensity measures for use in probabilistic seismic demand models for single-domed historical masonry buildings. Developing a probabilistic seismic demand model that describes the relationship between strong ground motion intensity measures and engineering demand parameters is critical in the performance-based earthquake engineering framework. To this end, a methodology is presented for selecting optimal intensity measures based on correlation, efficiency, practicality, proficiency, and sufficiency criteria. The 38 intensity measures commonly used in seismic vulnerability and risk assessments are categorized as follows: (i) earthquake-based, (ii) structure-based, (iii) event-based, and (iv) compound-based. Shear Stress, Normal Stress, Maximum Normal Strain, and Maximum Drift Ratio were used as engineering demand parameters to measure the structural response. In this study, the Elbistan Ulu Mosque, which was damaged after February 6, 2023, Mw7.8 and Mw7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquakes, was selected as a case study to determine the appropriate intensity parameters. For this purpose, response spectrum analyses were conducted on a 3D finite element model of the selected historical masonry structure to assess its response under seismic events. Various probabilistic seismic demand models were developed, and numerous regression analyses were performed between the engineering demand parameter and the intensity measures. After conducting thorough analysis and evaluation, spectral acceleration, spectral displacement, and modified cordova intensity were determined to be the most suitable intensity measure parameters. In addition to these optimal intensity measures, fragility curves were subsequently developed based on other relevant intensity measures, including peak ground acceleration, effective design acceleration, and A95.