Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

The CMS collaboration

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290

Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

The CMS collaboration

Department of Physics Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The observation of the production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions is reported, based on a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb⁻¹. Events with two same-sign, three, or four charged leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are analyzed. Compared to previous results in these channels, updated identification techniques for charged leptons and jets originating from the hadronization of b quarks, as well as a revised multivariate analysis strategy to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds, lead to an improved expected signal significance of 4.9 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis. Four top quark production is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations, and its cross section is measured to be 17.7_−3.5^+3.7(stat)_−1.9^+2.3(syst)fb, in agreement with the available standard model predictions.

Original language	English
Article number	138290
Journal	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
Volume	847
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290
Publication status	Published - 10 Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

Funding

Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440 , 724704 , 752730 , 758316 , 765710 , 824093 , 884104 , and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the “Excellence of Science – EOS” – be.h project n. 30820817 ; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission , No. Z191100007219010; The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” – 390833306 , and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , the New National Excellence Program - ÚNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845 , K 124850 , K 128713 , K 128786 , K 129058 , K 131991 , K 133046 , K 138136 , K 143460 , K 143477 , 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181 , and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research , India; the Latvian Council of Science ; the Ministry of Education and Science , project no. 2022/WK/14 , and the National Science Center , contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund ; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 , ERDF “a way of making Europe”, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu , grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project , and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation , grant B05F650021 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation ; the Nvidia Corporation ; the SuperMicro Corporation ; the Welch Foundation , contract C-1845 ; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA). We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , FAPERGS , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER , ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS / IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP , CINVESTAV , CONACYT , LNS , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).

Funders	Funder number
Chulalongkorn Academic
ERC PUT
Excellence of Science	30820817
GSRI
MSES
MoER
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund	B05F650021
PCTI
Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu	MDM-2017-0765
Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Welch Foundation	C-1845
Hispanics in Philanthropy
Kavli Foundation
Maryland Ornithological Society
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
NVIDIA
Qatar National Research Fund	MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
Ministry of Education and Science	2022/WK/14
Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit
Secretaría de Educación Pública
Weston Havens Foundation
Louisiana Academy of Sciences
CERN
Cosmetic Surgery Foundation
Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
Science and Technology Facilities Council
European Research Council
European Cooperation in Science and Technology	CA16108
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Ministry of Education - Singapore
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Science Foundation Ireland
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
National Science Council
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia	CEECIND/01334/2018
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Academy of Finland
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Austrian Science Fund
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie
Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
Bulgarian National Science Fund
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
National Research Foundation of Korea
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
A.G. Leventis Foundation
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Narodowe Centrum Nauki	2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552
Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Universiti Malaya
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Latvijas Zinātnes Padome
Ministry of Education and Science
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Horizon 2020	724704, 758316, 824093, 675440, 752730, 765710, 884104
European Regional Development Fund
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Ministry of Science,Technology and Research
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park	Z191100007219010
Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal	K 128713, K 143460, K 124850, K 128786, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 129058, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, K 124845, TKP2021-NKTA-64
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand
Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo del Sureste de Mexico

Keywords

CMS
Top quark

Access to Document

10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290

Cite this

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title = "Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV",

abstract = "The observation of the production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions is reported, based on a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. Events with two same-sign, three, or four charged leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are analyzed. Compared to previous results in these channels, updated identification techniques for charged leptons and jets originating from the hadronization of b quarks, as well as a revised multivariate analysis strategy to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds, lead to an improved expected signal significance of 4.9 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis. Four top quark production is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations, and its cross section is measured to be 17.7−3.5+3.7(stat)−1.9+2.3(syst)fb, in agreement with the available standard model predictions.",

keywords = "CMS, Top quark",

author = "{The CMS collaboration} and A. Hayrapetyan and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and Andrejkovic, {J. W.} and T. Bergauer and S. Chatterjee and K. Damanakis and M. Dragicevic and {Escalante Del Valle}, A. and Hussain, {P. S.} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and D. Liko and I. Mikulec and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and D. Schwarz and M. Sonawane and S. Templ and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, {C. E.} and Darwish, {M. R.} and T. Janssen and {Van Mechelen}, P. and Bols, {E. S.} and J. D'Hondt and S. Dansana and {De Moor}, A. and M. Delcourt and {El Faham}, H. and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and Sahasransu, {A. R.} and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and {Van Putte}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Clerbaux and {De Lentdecker}, G. and L. Favart and D. Hohov and J. Jaramillo and A. Khalilzadeh and K. Lee and M. Mahdavikhorrami and A. Malara and S. Paredes and L. P{\'e}tr{\'e} and A. Cakir",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290",

language = "English",

volume = "847",

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T1 - Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

AU - The CMS collaboration

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Andrejkovic, J. W.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Chatterjee, S.

AU - Damanakis, K.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Escalante Del Valle, A.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Mikulec, I.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Schwarz, D.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Templ, S.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Darwish, M. R.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Bols, E. S.

AU - D'Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - El Faham, H.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Sahasransu, A. R.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - De Lentdecker, G.

AU - Favart, L.

AU - Hohov, D.

AU - Jaramillo, J.

AU - Khalilzadeh, A.

AU - Lee, K.

AU - Mahdavikhorrami, M.

AU - Malara, A.

AU - Paredes, S.

AU - Pétré, L.

AU - Cakir, A.

PY - 2023/12/10

Y1 - 2023/12/10

N2 - The observation of the production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions is reported, based on a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. Events with two same-sign, three, or four charged leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are analyzed. Compared to previous results in these channels, updated identification techniques for charged leptons and jets originating from the hadronization of b quarks, as well as a revised multivariate analysis strategy to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds, lead to an improved expected signal significance of 4.9 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis. Four top quark production is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations, and its cross section is measured to be 17.7−3.5+3.7(stat)−1.9+2.3(syst)fb, in agreement with the available standard model predictions.

AB - The observation of the production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions is reported, based on a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. Events with two same-sign, three, or four charged leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are analyzed. Compared to previous results in these channels, updated identification techniques for charged leptons and jets originating from the hadronization of b quarks, as well as a revised multivariate analysis strategy to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds, lead to an improved expected signal significance of 4.9 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis. Four top quark production is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations, and its cross section is measured to be 17.7−3.5+3.7(stat)−1.9+2.3(syst)fb, in agreement with the available standard model predictions.

KW - CMS

KW - Top quark

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U2 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290

DO - 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138290

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85182843712

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 847

JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

M1 - 138290

ER -

Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

Abstract

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Keywords

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