Neural Networks and Deep Learning

Artificial neural network is a well-known machine learning technique inspired by biological neural network structures. It mimics the human brain’s working mechanism by artificially forming a neural network. In this book, artificial neural networks are referred to as neural networks. The principal idea of a neural network is to show transformation between input and output as connections between neurons in a sequence (arrangement) of layers (White L, Togneri R, Liu W, Bennamoun M (2019) Neural Representations of Natural Language, vol. 783. Singapore: Springer Singapore). Neural networks are mostly used for prediction, decision making, pattern recognition, and novelty detection (Si in Data Mining Techniques for the Life Sciences, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2010). The first is that without domain expertise, neural networks may assist in estimating function structures and parameters (Si in Data Mining Techniques for the Life Sciences, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2010).