Abstract
On February 6, 2023, two devastating earthquakes occurred on the East Anatolian Fault, Turkiye. The earthquakes had severe impacts on civil engineering structures in Iskenderun, Hatay. Reconnaissance studies were performed in Iskenderun to document and evaluate the performances of the different foundation systems and improved ground. Several soil liquefaction cases, including a boulevard, a mosque complex, fishing shelter, and military quarters were observed and documented along with the ground conditions and surface ejecta characteristics. The site observations during the reconnaissance study showed that the application of the unreinforced concrete piles was not a proper foundation solution against seismic loading and did not perform well. Whereas foundation systems including reinforced barrette piles and improved sites with jet grout columns were observed to perform quite well with negligible/no deformations. Observations at several structures indicate that conventional pile foundations also performed well, however structures built on deep foundation systems together with prior jet grout improved sites performed notably better.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 108433 |
| Journal | Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering |
| Volume | 178 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Mar 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
We would like to acknowledge the partial funding provided for the fieldwork by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TÜBİTAK) “1002-C Natural Disasters-Focused Fieldwork Emergency Support Program (Doğal Afetler Odaklı Saha Çalışması Acil Destek Programı)”. The sieve analysis on the liquefied surface ejecta shown in Fig. 19 is conducted by graduate research assistant Yunus Emre Tütüncü at Yeditepe University, which is appreciated by the authors. Authors also acknowledge geotechnical engineer Mr. Sefa Elibol, for the technical information and data regarding the shopping mall. Furthermore, the contribution of ITU Ph.D. student Yaren Dizman during the site visit and gathering the ground motion records is greatly appreciated. Finally, authors want to thank Mr. Mehmet Atakaş for providing the photograph in Fig. 12 c. We would like to acknowledge the partial funding provided for the fieldwork by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TÜBİTAK) “1002-C Natural Disasters-Focused Fieldwork Emergency Support Program (Doğal Afetler Odaklı Saha Çalışması Acil Destek Programı)”. The sieve analysis on the liquefied surface ejecta shown in Fig. 19 is conducted by graduate research assistant Yunus Emre Tütüncü at Yeditepe University, which is appreciated by the authors. Authors also acknowledge geotechnical engineer Mr. Sefa Elibol, for the technical information and data regarding the shopping mall. Furthermore, the contribution of ITU Ph.D. student Yaren Dizman during the site visit and gathering the ground motion records is greatly appreciated. Finally, authors want to thank Mr. Mehmet Atakaş for providing the photograph in Fig. 12c.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Doğal Afetler Odaklı Saha Çalışması Acil Destek Programı | |
| International Technological University | |
| Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu |
Keywords
- Deep foundations
- Earthquake
- Ground failure
- Ground improvement
- Jet grout
- Liquefaction
- Sand
- Silty sand
