Abstract
The main targets of this study are to analyse the environmental impacts of different types of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and to examine their economic analysis using Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). Regarding both environmental and economic aspects, this study compares five Li-ion batteries and three marine diesel oils with different sulphur content. Since the Bosporus Strait has one of the busiest inland passenger sea transportations in the world, a ferry serving in Istanbul, Turkey is selected as a case study to investigate the environmental and economic potential of battery power options. The environmental performance of selected power options is investigated under six categories: Global warming potential (GWP), NOx and SOx emissions, particulate matter (PM) emissions, and energy and water consumption. LCA results show that among lithium-ion batteries, Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery comes to the forefront in terms of environmental impact.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 103586 |
Journal | Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment |
Volume | 115 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Carbon credit
- CO emission
- Life-cycle assessment
- Life-cycle cost assessment
- Lithium-ion