Kinematics of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) earthquake in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Implications on source characteristics and dynamic rupture simulations

Tuncay Taymaz; Seda Yolsal-Çevikbilen; T. Serkan Irmak; Felipe Vera; Chengli Liu; Tuna Eken; Zhenguo Zhang; Ceyhun Erman; Derya Keleş

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229223

Kinematics of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) earthquake in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Implications on source characteristics and dynamic rupture simulations

Tuncay Taymaz^*, Seda Yolsal-Çevikbilen, T. Serkan Irmak, Felipe Vera, Chengli Liu, Tuna Eken, Zhenguo Zhang, Ceyhun Erman, Derya Keleş

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Geophysical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We resolve source mechanism and rupture process for the Néon Karlovásion, Samos Mw 7.0 earthquake that struck Greek-Turkish border regions on 30th October 2020 acquired from kinematic joint inversion of teleseismic body-waves and near-field strong ground-motion waveforms. The optimal kinematic finite-fault slip model indicates a planar E-W striking north-dipping normal faulting mechanism with strike ϕ = 270° ± 5°; dip δ = 35° ± 5°; rake λ = −94° ± 5°; centroid depth h = 11 ± 2 km; duration of the source time function STF = 26 s and seismic moment M_o = 3.34 × 10¹⁹ Nm equivalent to Mw = 7.0. Our final finite- fault slip models exhibit two main asperities within a depth range from ~20 km to the surface. The dynamic rupture model exposes an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 25 MPa. The near-field strong motion waveforms constrained the slip model suggesting up-dip and westward propagation of the bilateral rupture pattern with a maximum slip of 3.2 m, illuminated by back-projection (BP) analysis. The high-frequency (HF) back-projected rupture showed a predominantly E-W striking component (~75%) with directivity of 277° that propagates to the surface along a 60 km long and 24 km wide fault plane in 20 s at a slower speed range of 1.0–2.0 km/s. This well constrains the coseismic slip region where the aftershock sequence confirms distributed deformation. Our back-projection analyses elucidates a dominant HF rupture stage (0–13 s) tracked first on the epicentre area and further along the downdip in the region of maximum coseismic slip indicating ~15 km of persistent rupture. The latter HF emissions (13–20 s) remark a speed of about 3.0 km/s and a westward extension of the rupture up to 30 km from the preceding rupture segment to shorelines at the northeast of the Ikaria Island.

Original language	English
Article number	229223
Journal	Tectonophysics
Volume	826
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229223
Publication status	Published - 5 Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

We would like to thank Istanbul Technical University Research Fund , the National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) in the framework for Young Scientist Award Program (TUBA-GEBIP), The Science Academy Chamber–Turkey (BAGEP), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship Award for financial support and for further providing computing facilities and other relevant computational resources through Humboldt-Stiftung Follow-Up Programme . Felipe Vera is funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) Scholarship Program, Doctorado Becas Chile ( 2017-72180166 ). Zhenguo Zhang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41922024 ). We appreciate the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) and BU-KOERI providing strong motion seismograms and initial catalogue of aftershocks and phase-arrival data acquired from their bulletin resources for the period 30 October 2020?31 January 2021. Teleseismic body waveform data used are from the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) and the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) stations and archived at the IRIS Data Management Centre (IRIS-DMC, http://ds.iris.edu/wilber3). We thank the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED, Japan) for making Hi-net data available. NIED/Hi-net data was obtained with the HinetPy Python package (Tian, 2020). The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT; Wessel and Smith, 1998), SAC2000 (Goldstein et al. 2003; Goldstein and Snoke, 2005), ObsPy (Beyreuther et al. 2010) and Matplotlib (Hunter, 2007) software packages were used for preparation of some of the figures and for processing conventional earthquake data. We appreciate Dr. Yuji Yagi's (Tsukuba, Japan) generous permission to use the kinematic slip inversion code to analyse rupture history and slip distribution models. We would like to thank Istanbul Technical University Research Fund, the National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) in the framework for Young Scientist Award Program (TUBA-GEBIP), The Science Academy Chamber?Turkey (BAGEP), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship Award for financial support and for further providing computing facilities and other relevant computational resources through Humboldt-Stiftung Follow-Up Programme. Felipe Vera is funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) Scholarship Program, Doctorado Becas Chile (2017-72180166). Zhenguo Zhang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41922024). We have further benefited from fruitful discussions and communications with Athanassios Ganas, Daniele Cheloni, Ji?? Zahradn?k, Franti?ek Gallovi?, Diego Melgar, Aisling O'Kane, Judith M. Confal, Ye?im ?ubuk-Sabuncu, Angel Ruiz-Angulo, Nuretdin Kaymak??, Spyros Pavlides, ?kmen S?mer, O?uz C. ?elik, Co?kun Sar?, Ahmet C. Yal??ner and G?nay ?if?i for interpretation of neotectonics features observed and for structural damages reported in the catastrophic area. We are grateful to the Editor Gregory A. Houseman and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments, constructive advice, suggestions and judicial reviews that resulted in significant improvement of this manuscript.

Funders	Funder number
ANID	2017-72180166
FDSN
Global Digital Seismograph Network
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks
Istanbul Technical University Research Fund
National Agency for Research and Development
National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Science Academy Chamber
TUBA
TUBA-GEBIP
TUBITAK
The Science Academy Chamber?Turkey
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
National Natural Science Foundation of China	41922024
Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention	SAC2000

Keywords

Body waves
Computational seismology
Dynamics and mechanics of faulting
Earthquake source observations
Numerical modelling
Waveform inversion

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10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229223

Cite this

Taymaz, T., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Irmak, T. S., Vera, F., Liu, C., Eken, T., Zhang, Z., Erman, C., & Keleş, D. (2022). Kinematics of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) earthquake in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Implications on source characteristics and dynamic rupture simulations. Tectonophysics, 826, Article 229223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229223

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abstract = "We resolve source mechanism and rupture process for the N{\'e}on Karlov{\'a}sion, Samos Mw 7.0 earthquake that struck Greek-Turkish border regions on 30th October 2020 acquired from kinematic joint inversion of teleseismic body-waves and near-field strong ground-motion waveforms. The optimal kinematic finite-fault slip model indicates a planar E-W striking north-dipping normal faulting mechanism with strike ϕ = 270° ± 5°; dip δ = 35° ± 5°; rake λ = −94° ± 5°; centroid depth h = 11 ± 2 km; duration of the source time function STF = 26 s and seismic moment Mo = 3.34 × 1019 Nm equivalent to Mw = 7.0. Our final finite- fault slip models exhibit two main asperities within a depth range from ~20 km to the surface. The dynamic rupture model exposes an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 25 MPa. The near-field strong motion waveforms constrained the slip model suggesting up-dip and westward propagation of the bilateral rupture pattern with a maximum slip of 3.2 m, illuminated by back-projection (BP) analysis. The high-frequency (HF) back-projected rupture showed a predominantly E-W striking component (~75%) with directivity of 277° that propagates to the surface along a 60 km long and 24 km wide fault plane in 20 s at a slower speed range of 1.0–2.0 km/s. This well constrains the coseismic slip region where the aftershock sequence confirms distributed deformation. Our back-projection analyses elucidates a dominant HF rupture stage (0–13 s) tracked first on the epicentre area and further along the downdip in the region of maximum coseismic slip indicating ~15 km of persistent rupture. The latter HF emissions (13–20 s) remark a speed of about 3.0 km/s and a westward extension of the rupture up to 30 km from the preceding rupture segment to shorelines at the northeast of the Ikaria Island.",

keywords = "Body waves, Computational seismology, Dynamics and mechanics of faulting, Earthquake source observations, Numerical modelling, Waveform inversion",

author = "Tuncay Taymaz and Seda Yolsal-{\c C}evikbilen and Irmak, {T. Serkan} and Felipe Vera and Chengli Liu and Tuna Eken and Zhenguo Zhang and Ceyhun Erman and Derya Kele{\c s}",

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T2 - Implications on source characteristics and dynamic rupture simulations

AU - Taymaz, Tuncay

AU - Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Seda

AU - Irmak, T. Serkan

AU - Vera, Felipe

AU - Liu, Chengli

AU - Eken, Tuna

AU - Zhang, Zhenguo

AU - Erman, Ceyhun

AU - Keleş, Derya

PY - 2022/3/5

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AB - We resolve source mechanism and rupture process for the Néon Karlovásion, Samos Mw 7.0 earthquake that struck Greek-Turkish border regions on 30th October 2020 acquired from kinematic joint inversion of teleseismic body-waves and near-field strong ground-motion waveforms. The optimal kinematic finite-fault slip model indicates a planar E-W striking north-dipping normal faulting mechanism with strike ϕ = 270° ± 5°; dip δ = 35° ± 5°; rake λ = −94° ± 5°; centroid depth h = 11 ± 2 km; duration of the source time function STF = 26 s and seismic moment Mo = 3.34 × 1019 Nm equivalent to Mw = 7.0. Our final finite- fault slip models exhibit two main asperities within a depth range from ~20 km to the surface. The dynamic rupture model exposes an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 25 MPa. The near-field strong motion waveforms constrained the slip model suggesting up-dip and westward propagation of the bilateral rupture pattern with a maximum slip of 3.2 m, illuminated by back-projection (BP) analysis. The high-frequency (HF) back-projected rupture showed a predominantly E-W striking component (~75%) with directivity of 277° that propagates to the surface along a 60 km long and 24 km wide fault plane in 20 s at a slower speed range of 1.0–2.0 km/s. This well constrains the coseismic slip region where the aftershock sequence confirms distributed deformation. Our back-projection analyses elucidates a dominant HF rupture stage (0–13 s) tracked first on the epicentre area and further along the downdip in the region of maximum coseismic slip indicating ~15 km of persistent rupture. The latter HF emissions (13–20 s) remark a speed of about 3.0 km/s and a westward extension of the rupture up to 30 km from the preceding rupture segment to shorelines at the northeast of the Ikaria Island.

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KW - Dynamics and mechanics of faulting

KW - Earthquake source observations

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Kinematics of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) earthquake in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Implications on source characteristics and dynamic rupture simulations

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