Abstract
High-temperature curing is a major limitation for the widespread use of benzoxazine resins. This study explores two strategies to reduce curing temperatures using minimal sulfur content (1–5 wt%): ziram catalysis and light activation. Both approaches effectively promoted curing at lower temperatures compared to traditional methods. The ziram-activated system achieved an activation energy as low as 83 kJ/mol, while the UV-activated system reached 63 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the UV-activated sulfur system exhibited improved thermal stability, particularly for cresol-based benzoxazines. The curing processes of monomers with catalysts were traced using various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), along with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Original language | English |
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Article number | 127745 |
Journal | Polymer |
Volume | 313 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Nov 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Catalyst
- Elemental sulfur
- Light-induced cleavage
- Polybenzoxazine
- Ring opening polymerization
- Vulcanization