Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant contents and the antimicrobial activities of 18 vinegar samples were investigated. For this purpose, total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of different vinegar samples were determined. In addition, total antioxidant capacities (TAC) of vinegars were analyzed using four different in vitro tests: ABTS, CUPRAC, DPPH, and FRAP, in parallel. Results obtained from antioxidant analyses showed that balsamic vinegar had the highest TFC (96 ± 18 mg CE/100 mL) and TPC values (255 ± 24 mg GAE/100 mL), as well as the highest TAC determined using CUPRAC (709 ± 108 mg Trolox/100 mL) and FRAP (421 ± 28 mg Trolox/100 mL) methods. The phenolic profiles of vinegar samples were identified by performing HPLC analysis. Among all vinegar samples studied, the most abundant phenolic compounds were determined to be gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of different vinegars, against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli, were evaluated using disc diffusion method; the results of which were related to the acetic acid contents and the pH values of the vinegar samples. Balsamic vinegar was again determined to be the sample that had the highest antimicrobial activity, which showed a strong antibacterial activity against S. Typhimurium. Antibacterial activities of vinegars could partly be related to both their acetic acid contents and the pH values, and also to their phenolic contents.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2083-2094 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | European Food Research and Technology |
Volume | 243 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Funding
Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by the Istanbul Technical University, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit. We also thank Mehmet Basri Celiker and Kühne Co. (Kemal-pasa, ˙Izmir, Turkey) and also Erkan Tekgunduz and Icmeli Dogal Urunler Co. for supplying the samples. This study was financially supported by the Istanbul Technical University, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit. We also thank Mehmet Basri Celiker and K?hne Co. (Kemalpasa, ?Izmir, Turkey) and also Erkan Tekgunduz and Icmeli Dogal Urunler Co. for supplying the samples. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funders | Funder number |
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British Association for Psychopharmacology | |
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi |
Keywords
- Antimicrobial activity
- Antioxidant capacity
- Phenolic content
- Vinegar