Integrating human reliability analysis into SIRE 2.0 post-inspection process: The case of fire-fighting system operations onboard tanker vessel

This study integrates the Shipboard Operation Human Reliability Analysis (SOHRA) method into the Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) 2.0 to develop a novel model for evaluating human error probabilities (HEPs) in fire-fighting system operations onboard tanker vessels. The proposed methodology utilizes SIRE 2.0 inspection reports to identify Nature of Concerns (NoCs) and applies SOHRA to quantify human reliability through an algorithm-centric Python-based Human Error Probability (HEP) calculator. By linking the relevant NoCs with structured human reliability parameters, this approach offers a novel post-inspection tool for tanker operators, enabling more effective operational control and planning. The case study on the fire-fighting systems of Tanker A demonstrated an 87.1 % (95 % CI: 69.9 %–97.2 %) average model-estimated reduction in risk. The originality of this research lies in its human reliability-centred perspective on SIRE 2.0 inspections, the digitized implementation of SOHRA, and its potential to enhance compliance and safety management in the tanker industry. Since SIRE 2.0 plays a leading role in third-party inspections, this study is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and sustainability in the oil and gas market. Although the model demonstration is limited to a particular operation onboard a tanker, the HEP Calculator provides a methodological foundation for scaling up the study. Future research will focus on extending the model by aligning the entire SIRE 2.0 process with comprehensive human reliability analysis in both inspector and operator perspectives.