Industrial quality classification for strategic planning: Economic optimization of the Köprüalan feldspar deposit, Turkey

Purpose. To investigate the mineralogical, geochemical, and technological characteristics of the Köprüalan (Aydın, SW Turkey) feldspar deposit. The study aims to determine its suitability for industrial ceramic applications and to evaluate how quality-based resource management influences both the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the mining operation. Methods. Geochemical analysis of 222 samples was conducted together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine mineral assemblages. Technological tests, including water absorption and shrinkage measurements, were performed to assess industrial performance. The obtained data were integrated into 3D geological models and geostatistical simulations to evaluate various mine design scenarios, with a focus on optimizing stripping ratios and reducing material handling. Findings. Results indicate that the deposit consists predominantly of felsic metamorphic rocks with high SiO₂(64.76-74.87%), elevated alkali oxides (Na₂O + K₂O), and low Fe₂O₃(≤ 1.72%). XRD analysis confirmed a feldspar-rich composition with an average content of 62%. Integration of a multi-tier quality classification into the production sequence significantly increases the project’s economic value. Optimized extraction sequences also reduce the stripping ratio, thereby lowering the operational carbon footprint by minimizing waste haulage and energy consumption. Originality. A novel framework is proposed that transforms static mineralogical classification into a dynamic decision-support system. The approach integrates 3D geological modelling with geostatistical simulations to quantify trade-offs between quality-driven extraction, economic performance, and environmental sustainability in industrial mineral deposits. Practical implications. Implementation of the proposed quality-tier system enables operators to optimize production planning, reduce waste management costs, and improve the environmental sustainability of industrial mineral extraction through lower green-house gas emissions.