TY - JOUR
T1 - In-situ synthesis of graphene encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3nanoparticles for possible biomedical applications
AU - Mertdinç-Ülküseven, Siddika
AU - Savaci, Umut
AU - Onbasli, Kubra
AU - Balci-Çagiran, Özge
AU - Acar, Havva Yagci
AU - Öveçoglu, M. Lütfi
AU - Agaogullari, Duygu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s).
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - This paper reports on the in-situ synthesis, optimization, characterization and cytotoxicity tests of multi-layer graphene (MLG) encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe/Fe2O3@C core-shell nanostructures) by spray drying-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using iron-nitrate/silica-based precursors. The influences of CVD reaction temperature, holding time, CH4/H2 gas flows and pressure on the synthesis of MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were investigated. CVD-synthesized powders were purified using acid leaching to remove residual silica and probable uncoated Fe/Fe-oxide phases. XRD analyses revealed the presence of FCC (Fe,C), BCC Fe, graphite/graphene and trace amount of Fe2O3 phases. Raman spectra confirmed the existence of MLG shells. TEM indicated that MLG (from at least 3 to maximum of 35 layers) wrapped around the metallic cores ranged between 4 and 85 nm. Purification of nanoparticles did not degrade, dissolve or create discontinuity on the MLG structure. VSM measurements showed that nanoparticles obtained from the optimized conditions (900 °C, 100 ml/min CH4/H2, 50 mbar) had a soft ferromagnetic behavior with low saturation magnetization (∼85 emu/g) and coercivity (∼552 Oe) values. Optimized MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully suspended in water using a poly(acrylic acid) coating. Aqueous MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were cytocompatible below 100 μg/ml at short incubation times, and showed the potential to be used in biomedical applications.
AB - This paper reports on the in-situ synthesis, optimization, characterization and cytotoxicity tests of multi-layer graphene (MLG) encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe/Fe2O3@C core-shell nanostructures) by spray drying-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using iron-nitrate/silica-based precursors. The influences of CVD reaction temperature, holding time, CH4/H2 gas flows and pressure on the synthesis of MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were investigated. CVD-synthesized powders were purified using acid leaching to remove residual silica and probable uncoated Fe/Fe-oxide phases. XRD analyses revealed the presence of FCC (Fe,C), BCC Fe, graphite/graphene and trace amount of Fe2O3 phases. Raman spectra confirmed the existence of MLG shells. TEM indicated that MLG (from at least 3 to maximum of 35 layers) wrapped around the metallic cores ranged between 4 and 85 nm. Purification of nanoparticles did not degrade, dissolve or create discontinuity on the MLG structure. VSM measurements showed that nanoparticles obtained from the optimized conditions (900 °C, 100 ml/min CH4/H2, 50 mbar) had a soft ferromagnetic behavior with low saturation magnetization (∼85 emu/g) and coercivity (∼552 Oe) values. Optimized MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully suspended in water using a poly(acrylic acid) coating. Aqueous MLG encapsulated Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles were cytocompatible below 100 μg/ml at short incubation times, and showed the potential to be used in biomedical applications.
KW - Chemical vapor deposition
KW - Core-shell nanoparticles
KW - Cytotoxicity tests
KW - Graphene encapsulation
KW - Magnetic properties
KW - Microstructural characterization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145665914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.059
DO - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.059
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85145665914
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 20
SP - 2558
EP - 2577
JO - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
JF - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
ER -