Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) approaches and deep meta-learning models for cyber-physical systems

Today, the effects of promising technologies such as explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) and meta-learning (ML) on the internet of things (IoT) and the cyber-physical systems (CPS), which are important components of Industry 4.0, are increasingly intensified. However, there are important shortcomings that current deep learning models are currently inadequate. These artificial neural network based models are black box models that generalize the data transmitted to it and learn from the data. Therefore, the relational link between input and output is not observable. For these reasons, it is necessary to make serious efforts on the explanability and interpretability of black box models. In the near future, the integration of explainable artificial intelligence and meta-learning approaches to cyber-physical systems will have effects on a high level of visualization and simulation infrastructure, real-time supply chain, cyber factories with smart machines communicating over the internet, maximizing production efficiency, analysis of service quality and competition level.