Evaluation of photovoltaic systems in different building forms in terms of energy and cost efficiency

Being an environmentally clean energy source and with its high potential, solar energy is widely considered as the most efficient alternative energy source. Meeting energy needs of buildings using solar energy is possible by achieving an energy efficient building envelope design through the use of passive and active solar energy systems. Photovoltaics (PV), as the active system, converts solar radiation directly into electricity and can meet part of the total energy loads of a building contributing to the sustainability and energy efficiency of the building. In this study, the goal is to evaluate photovoltaic systems in different building forms in terms of energy and cost efficiency and to identify the most efficient building form and photovoltaic system alternative. Different building forms, with the same volume to building envelope surface ratio (V/A) are developed, and all forms are further fitted and compared with flat, pitched and gabled roofs. Additionally, different tilt angles for photovoltaic panels, different building component on which the panels are mounted and different orientations are used to obtain multiple different alternatives. When comparing annual energy loads and gains obtained in different building forms, the most efficient alternative which provide the lowest energy consumption and the highest energy gain can be identified with its cost. The results of this study can provide guidance for the design of energy and cost efficient building systems to eliminate the negative impact of fossil fuels on the environment.