Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight

Miroslav Penchev; Tahir Cetin Akinci; Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales; Michael Todd; Arun S.K. Raju

doi:10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight

Miroslav Penchev^*
, Tahir Cetin Akinci
, Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales
, Michael Todd
, Arun S.K. Raju

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of California at Riverside

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Establishing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure is essential for maintaining trade and improving environmental quality at the border. The present study introduces a methodology for estimating vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by cross-border freight trucks in San Diego County and the corresponding environmental implications, specifically regarding tailpipe exhaust emissions across various parts of the county. This study forecasts the growth of cross-border freight vehicle VMT until 2050 and the VMT associated with future medium and MHD ZEV deployments. Furthermore, this work forecasts the electric energy and hydrogen fuel required to operate future commercial MHD ZEVs. Finally, the requisite number of EV charging stations and hydrogen fueling stations for establishing the MHD ZEV infrastructure along the California-Baja California border is estimated, based on current charging and fueling specifications.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331535445
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072
Publication status	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025 - Jaipur, India Duration: 9 Jul 2025 → 12 Jul 2025

Publication series

Name	5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025

Conference

Conference	5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025
Country/Territory	India
City	Jaipur
Period	9/07/25 → 12/07/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.

Keywords

battery electric vehicles
cross-border freight transportation
environmental impact analysis
fuel cell electric vehicles
sustainable transportation
zero-emission vehicles

Access to Document

10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

Cite this

Penchev, M., Akinci, T. C., Martinez-Morales, A. A., Todd, M., & Raju, A. S. K. (2025). Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025 (5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

Penchev, Miroslav ; Akinci, Tahir Cetin ; Martinez-Morales, Alfredo A. et al. / Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight. 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025).

@inproceedings{dfb693f3646a46ca97497a9d7d0a52e4,

title = "Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight",

abstract = "Establishing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure is essential for maintaining trade and improving environmental quality at the border. The present study introduces a methodology for estimating vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by cross-border freight trucks in San Diego County and the corresponding environmental implications, specifically regarding tailpipe exhaust emissions across various parts of the county. This study forecasts the growth of cross-border freight vehicle VMT until 2050 and the VMT associated with future medium and MHD ZEV deployments. Furthermore, this work forecasts the electric energy and hydrogen fuel required to operate future commercial MHD ZEVs. Finally, the requisite number of EV charging stations and hydrogen fueling stations for establishing the MHD ZEV infrastructure along the California-Baja California border is estimated, based on current charging and fueling specifications.",

keywords = "battery electric vehicles, cross-border freight transportation, environmental impact analysis, fuel cell electric vehicles, sustainable transportation, zero-emission vehicles",

author = "Miroslav Penchev and Akinci, \{Tahir Cetin\} and Martinez-Morales, \{Alfredo A.\} and Michael Todd and Raju, \{Arun S.K.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025 ; Conference date: 09-07-2025 Through 12-07-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072",

language = "English",

series = "5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

booktitle = "5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025",

address = "United States",

}

Penchev, M, Akinci, TC, Martinez-Morales, AA, Todd, M & Raju, ASK 2025, Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight. in 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025. 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025, Jaipur, India, 9/07/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight. / Penchev, Miroslav; Akinci, Tahir Cetin; Martinez-Morales, Alfredo A. et al.
5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight

AU - Penchev, Miroslav

AU - Akinci, Tahir Cetin

AU - Martinez-Morales, Alfredo A.

AU - Todd, Michael

AU - Raju, Arun S.K.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Establishing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure is essential for maintaining trade and improving environmental quality at the border. The present study introduces a methodology for estimating vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by cross-border freight trucks in San Diego County and the corresponding environmental implications, specifically regarding tailpipe exhaust emissions across various parts of the county. This study forecasts the growth of cross-border freight vehicle VMT until 2050 and the VMT associated with future medium and MHD ZEV deployments. Furthermore, this work forecasts the electric energy and hydrogen fuel required to operate future commercial MHD ZEVs. Finally, the requisite number of EV charging stations and hydrogen fueling stations for establishing the MHD ZEV infrastructure along the California-Baja California border is estimated, based on current charging and fueling specifications.

AB - Establishing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure is essential for maintaining trade and improving environmental quality at the border. The present study introduces a methodology for estimating vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by cross-border freight trucks in San Diego County and the corresponding environmental implications, specifically regarding tailpipe exhaust emissions across various parts of the county. This study forecasts the growth of cross-border freight vehicle VMT until 2050 and the VMT associated with future medium and MHD ZEV deployments. Furthermore, this work forecasts the electric energy and hydrogen fuel required to operate future commercial MHD ZEVs. Finally, the requisite number of EV charging stations and hydrogen fueling stations for establishing the MHD ZEV infrastructure along the California-Baja California border is estimated, based on current charging and fueling specifications.

KW - battery electric vehicles

KW - cross-border freight transportation

KW - environmental impact analysis

KW - fuel cell electric vehicles

KW - sustainable transportation

KW - zero-emission vehicles

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030333060

U2 - 10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

DO - 10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105030333060

T3 - 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025

BT - 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025

Y2 - 9 July 2025 through 12 July 2025

ER -

Penchev M, Akinci TC, Martinez-Morales AA, Todd M, Raju ASK. Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. (5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025). doi: 10.1109/SEFET65155.2025.11255072

Evaluating the Benefits of Zero-Emission Vehicles Adoption for California-Mexico Cross Border Freight

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this