TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimating shipping emissions in the region of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
AU - Deniz, Cengiz
AU - Durmuşoǧlu, Yalçin
PY - 2008/2/1
Y1 - 2008/2/1
N2 - Ship emissions are significantly increasing globally and have remarkable impact on air quality on sea and land. These emissions contribute serious adverse health and environmental effects. Territorial waters, inland seas and ports are the regions most affected by ship emissions. As an inland sea the Sea of Marmara is an area that has too much ship traffic. Since the region of the Marmara is highly urbanized, emissions from ships affect human health and the overall environment. In this paper exhaust gas emissions from ships in the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits are calculated by utilizing the data acquired in 2003. Main engine types, fuel types, operations types, navigation times and speeds of vessels are taken into consideration in the study. Total emissions from ships in the study area were estimated as 5,451,224 t y- 1 for CO2, 111,039 t y- 1 for NOx, 87,168 t y- 1 for SO2, 20,281 t y- 1 for CO, 5801 t y- 1 for VOC, 4762 t y- 1 for PM. The shipping emissions in the region are equivalent to 11% of NOx 0.1% of CO and 0.12% of PM of the corresponding total emissions in Turkey. The shipping emissions in the area are 46% of NOx, 25% of PM and 1.5% of CO of road traffic emissions in Turkey data between which and correspond to a higher level than aircraft emissions and rail emissions in Turkey.
AB - Ship emissions are significantly increasing globally and have remarkable impact on air quality on sea and land. These emissions contribute serious adverse health and environmental effects. Territorial waters, inland seas and ports are the regions most affected by ship emissions. As an inland sea the Sea of Marmara is an area that has too much ship traffic. Since the region of the Marmara is highly urbanized, emissions from ships affect human health and the overall environment. In this paper exhaust gas emissions from ships in the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits are calculated by utilizing the data acquired in 2003. Main engine types, fuel types, operations types, navigation times and speeds of vessels are taken into consideration in the study. Total emissions from ships in the study area were estimated as 5,451,224 t y- 1 for CO2, 111,039 t y- 1 for NOx, 87,168 t y- 1 for SO2, 20,281 t y- 1 for CO, 5801 t y- 1 for VOC, 4762 t y- 1 for PM. The shipping emissions in the region are equivalent to 11% of NOx 0.1% of CO and 0.12% of PM of the corresponding total emissions in Turkey. The shipping emissions in the area are 46% of NOx, 25% of PM and 1.5% of CO of road traffic emissions in Turkey data between which and correspond to a higher level than aircraft emissions and rail emissions in Turkey.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Emissions
KW - Marmara's ports
KW - Pollutants
KW - Ships
KW - The Turkish Straits
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36649027872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.033
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 17976688
AN - SCOPUS:36649027872
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 390
SP - 255
EP - 261
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
IS - 1
ER -
