Equivalent circuit modeling of ionomer and ionic polymer conductive network composite actuators containing ionic liquids

Yang Liu; Ran Zhao; Mehdi Ghaffari; Junhong Lin; Sheng Liu; Hülya Cebeci; Roberto Guzmán De Villoria; Reza Montazami; Dong Wang; Brian L. Wardle; James R. Heflin; Q. M. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2012.05.002

Equivalent circuit modeling of ionomer and ionic polymer conductive network composite actuators containing ionic liquids

Yang Liu, Ran Zhao, Mehdi Ghaffari, Junhong Lin, Sheng Liu, Hülya Cebeci, Roberto Guzmán De Villoria, Reza Montazami, Dong Wang, Brian L. Wardle, James R. Heflin, Q. M. Zhang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this study, we demonstrate electrical equivalent circuits that model the complex frequency-dependent impedance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI-Tf) containing electro-active polymer membranes and ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) devices. The devices include Nafion membrane actuators, Nafion coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) Au nanoparticle/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite actuators, and Nafion with vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT)/Nafion composite actuators. It is found that the low frequency responses of these devices indicate Warburg diffusion. Therefore, Warburg impedance is utilized to model the low frequency diffusion behavior of the devices, while the electric double layer capacitance (C _dl) represents the storage of drifting ions under electric field at high frequencies. It is found that C _dl for Nafion with 40 wt% EMI-Tf is 7.5 μF/cm ² and increases to 11.4 μF/cm ² with increasing surface area of the LbL composite electrode. C _dl increases further to above 3 × 10 ³ μF/cm ² for an actuator with 12 μm VA-CNT/Nafion composite electrodes, while the Warburg coefficient A _W remains nearly the same for all the devices. As a result, the actuation magnitude and speed increase with charges accumulated due to higher C _dl, without much increase in the contribution from the slow ion diffusion process.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	70-76
Number of pages	7
Journal	Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
Volume	181
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.05.002
Publication status	Published - Jul 2012
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0452 Ionic Liquids in Electro-Active Devices (ILEAD) MURI and by NSF under Grant No. CMMI-1130437 . At MIT the work was supported by Airbus S.A.S., Boeing, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, Saab AB, Spirit AeroSystems, Textron Inc., Composite Systems Technology, and TohoTenax Inc. through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace Structures (NECST) Consortium. Hülya Cebeci acknowledges support from Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for a 2214-International Research Fellowship Programme.

Funders	Funder number
Airbus S.A.S.
TUBITAK
TohoTenax Inc.
National Science Foundation	CMMI-1130437
Boeing
Army Research Office	W911NF-07-1-0452
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu

Keywords

Equivalent circuit models
Ionic electro-active polymers (i-EAPs)
Ionic polymer actuators
Warburg diffusion

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.sna.2012.05.002

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Liu, Y., Zhao, R., Ghaffari, M., Lin, J., Liu, S., Cebeci, H., De Villoria, R. G., Montazami, R., Wang, D., Wardle, B. L., Heflin, J. R., & Zhang, Q. M. (2012). Equivalent circuit modeling of ionomer and ionic polymer conductive network composite actuators containing ionic liquids. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 181, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.05.002

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abstract = "In this study, we demonstrate electrical equivalent circuits that model the complex frequency-dependent impedance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI-Tf) containing electro-active polymer membranes and ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) devices. The devices include Nafion membrane actuators, Nafion coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) Au nanoparticle/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite actuators, and Nafion with vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT)/Nafion composite actuators. It is found that the low frequency responses of these devices indicate Warburg diffusion. Therefore, Warburg impedance is utilized to model the low frequency diffusion behavior of the devices, while the electric double layer capacitance (C dl) represents the storage of drifting ions under electric field at high frequencies. It is found that C dl for Nafion with 40 wt% EMI-Tf is 7.5 μF/cm 2 and increases to 11.4 μF/cm 2 with increasing surface area of the LbL composite electrode. C dl increases further to above 3 × 10 3 μF/cm 2 for an actuator with 12 μm VA-CNT/Nafion composite electrodes, while the Warburg coefficient A W remains nearly the same for all the devices. As a result, the actuation magnitude and speed increase with charges accumulated due to higher C dl, without much increase in the contribution from the slow ion diffusion process.",

keywords = "Equivalent circuit models, Ionic electro-active polymers (i-EAPs), Ionic polymer actuators, Warburg diffusion",

author = "Yang Liu and Ran Zhao and Mehdi Ghaffari and Junhong Lin and Sheng Liu and H{\"u}lya Cebeci and {De Villoria}, {Roberto Guzm{\'a}n} and Reza Montazami and Dong Wang and Wardle, {Brian L.} and Heflin, {James R.} and Zhang, {Q. M.}",

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AU - Liu, Yang

AU - Zhao, Ran

AU - Ghaffari, Mehdi

AU - Lin, Junhong

AU - Liu, Sheng

AU - Cebeci, Hülya

AU - De Villoria, Roberto Guzmán

AU - Montazami, Reza

AU - Wang, Dong

AU - Wardle, Brian L.

AU - Heflin, James R.

AU - Zhang, Q. M.

PY - 2012/7

Y1 - 2012/7

N2 - In this study, we demonstrate electrical equivalent circuits that model the complex frequency-dependent impedance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI-Tf) containing electro-active polymer membranes and ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) devices. The devices include Nafion membrane actuators, Nafion coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) Au nanoparticle/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite actuators, and Nafion with vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT)/Nafion composite actuators. It is found that the low frequency responses of these devices indicate Warburg diffusion. Therefore, Warburg impedance is utilized to model the low frequency diffusion behavior of the devices, while the electric double layer capacitance (C dl) represents the storage of drifting ions under electric field at high frequencies. It is found that C dl for Nafion with 40 wt% EMI-Tf is 7.5 μF/cm 2 and increases to 11.4 μF/cm 2 with increasing surface area of the LbL composite electrode. C dl increases further to above 3 × 10 3 μF/cm 2 for an actuator with 12 μm VA-CNT/Nafion composite electrodes, while the Warburg coefficient A W remains nearly the same for all the devices. As a result, the actuation magnitude and speed increase with charges accumulated due to higher C dl, without much increase in the contribution from the slow ion diffusion process.

AB - In this study, we demonstrate electrical equivalent circuits that model the complex frequency-dependent impedance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI-Tf) containing electro-active polymer membranes and ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) devices. The devices include Nafion membrane actuators, Nafion coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) Au nanoparticle/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite actuators, and Nafion with vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT)/Nafion composite actuators. It is found that the low frequency responses of these devices indicate Warburg diffusion. Therefore, Warburg impedance is utilized to model the low frequency diffusion behavior of the devices, while the electric double layer capacitance (C dl) represents the storage of drifting ions under electric field at high frequencies. It is found that C dl for Nafion with 40 wt% EMI-Tf is 7.5 μF/cm 2 and increases to 11.4 μF/cm 2 with increasing surface area of the LbL composite electrode. C dl increases further to above 3 × 10 3 μF/cm 2 for an actuator with 12 μm VA-CNT/Nafion composite electrodes, while the Warburg coefficient A W remains nearly the same for all the devices. As a result, the actuation magnitude and speed increase with charges accumulated due to higher C dl, without much increase in the contribution from the slow ion diffusion process.

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ER -

Equivalent circuit modeling of ionomer and ionic polymer conductive network composite actuators containing ionic liquids

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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