Enhanced wave modeling & optimal plane-wave destruction (OPWD) method for diffraction separation and imaging

One of the primary challenges faced in seismic exploration is to determine the methodology for analyzing the dispersive wave in various models while maintaining the wave's stability at a low-rank one-step approximation. An optimal signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved by utilizing time-stepping in a low-rank one-step wave extrapolation. It is important to note that the ideal time step should be complex valued. Preserving subsurface diffractions can be quite challenging and demands careful monitoring. To tackle this challenge, we suggest implementing the optimal plane-wave destruction (OPWD) method. To ensure the stability of wave propagation, a fundamental three-layer velocity model is calculated at various time intervals. Afterward, a practical model is used to monitor the movement of the mentioned model. The model being discussed includes a syncline, anticline, distinct edges, and a fault with a steep dip angle. The model is evaluated for the process of simultaneous stepping and marching. Based on the research findings, it is evident that there are variations in the time-stepping between the simple and complex models. These differences align with the Nyquist limit of the sampling interval, as expected. Extending the model beyond the Nyquist limit can cause fluctuations in its stability. OPWD achieved excellent results in diffraction separation and high-resolution imaging on both the synthetic data and real data. The synthetic data included a complex model with anticlines, synclines, sharp edges, and deeper faults. The real data was obtained from the Gulf of Mexico, specifically the Walker Ridges line no. 331. The results suggest that the OPWD method is successful in preserving diffraction in both simulated and actual subsurface environments.