Energy Management System Strategy Evaluation for E-Vehicles Using Proportional Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP

The shift from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for sustainability. Energy management strategies play a crucial role in this transition, as they affect battery performance, extend lifespan, and ensure cost-effectiveness. This study evaluates energy management system (EMS) strategies for EVs using the Proportional Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PPF-AHP) to prioritize decision criteria. To achieve this, a decision model is constructed involving four main criteria—sustainability and resilience, cost efficiency, performance and reliability, and competitiveness—as well as sixteen sub-criteria. Then, pairwise evaluations from five experts are collected and aggregated leading to the prioritization of decision criteria. In order to show the robustness of the methodology, the PPF-AHP results are compared with Buckley’s Fuzzy AHP and Decomposed Fuzzy AHP.