Abstract
In recent years, worldwide interest in utilizing the heat energy from wastewater (WW) has increased significantly, concurrently with establishing policies and strategies for the sustainable management of WW. This study evaluated the 4ES performance of a photovoltaic-thermal powered WW source heat pump system for district heating applications with a series of Engineering Equation Solver (EES) simulations based on 20 different cases using actual data. The results indicated that the WW might have an energy rate potential of up to 25470 kW and an exergy rate potential of up to 2263 kW in January in a Koppen-Geiger-classified Dfb (warm-summer humid continental) climate. The highest and lowest exergy efficiency values ranged from 2.85 % to 98.24 % and from 74.80 % to 94.54 %, respectively for the employed components and the entire system. The environmental and sustainability studies utilized these simulated results to derive environmental effect factor (EEF) and exergy based-sustainability index (ExSI) values in the ranges of 0.58x10-5 to 4.95x10-5 and 3.97 to 18.32, respectively. In addition, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was modeled to be between 0.0801 ¢/kWh and 0.1341 ¢/kWh. In terms of sustainability, the proposed system demonstrated superior performance than the most common heating solution on the market (i.e. natural gas-fired heating system).
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 103077 |
| Journal | Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments |
| Volume | 56 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Mar 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
This research is part of the “HeatReFlex-Green and Flexible District Heating/Cooling” project ( https://www.heatreflex.et.aau.dk ), which is financed by the Danida Fellowship Centre and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark under the Grant No 18-M06-AAU. The authors gratefully thank the support of the “HeatReFlex – Green and Flexible District Heating/Cooling” project (www.heatreflex.et.aau.dk) sponsored by the Danida Fellowship Centre and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark under grant number 18-M06-AAU. The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of the Republic of Turkey for sharing the actual data acquired from the continuous wastewater monitoring system for analysis. The authors are very grateful to the reviewers and the editor for their constructive and valuable suggestions, through which we have been able to improve the quality of the paper. The authors gratefully thank the support of the “HeatReFlex – Green and Flexible District Heating/Cooling” project (www.heatreflex.et.aau.dk) sponsored by the Danida Fellowship Centre and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark under grant number 18-M06-AAU. The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of the Republic of Turkey for sharing the actual data acquired from the continuous wastewater monitoring system for analysis. The authors are very grateful to the reviewers and the editor for their constructive and valuable suggestions, through which we have been able to improve the quality of the paper.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Environment and Urbanization | |
| Danida Fellowship Centre | |
| Udenrigsministeriet | 18-M06-AAU |
Keywords
- Environmental performance
- Exergy
- Levelized cost of energy
- Numerical study
- Sustainability index
