Energy-based displacement demand predictions for SDOF systems verified by shaking table tests

Accurate estimation of displacement demands is crucial for evaluating seismic performance and designing structural systems. This study introduces an energy-based methodology for predicting displacement demands utilizing the imparted seismic input energy (E_I). After conducting comprehensive linear and nonlinear time-history analyses of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems using a custom Python-based code, the relationship between seismic input energy and displacement demands is investigated, focusing on key parameters such as impulsive characteristics, ductility demand, damping ratio, and soil properties. Additionally, the shaking table test results on several SDOF cantilever columns are used to validate the derived numerical relationships. Based on these findings, empirical formulations are proposed to estimate displacement demands from the imparted seismic input energy. The proposed methodology enhances the predictive capability of displacement demands, offering a robust alternative to existing prediction methodologies. Its validation through inclusive numerical and experimental studies ensures the reliability and practicality of seismic performance evaluation for structural systems.