Effects of CCII non-idealities on voltage-mode active filters

In active filters, the performance of the active element plays an important role in the overall performance of the filter, besides the filter configuration itself. In this paper, we will investigate the effects of current conveyor non-idealities on a certain class of filters which consists of four current conveyors and seven nodes, and derive analytical expressions for the filter parameter deviations in terms of non-ideality terms. The results obtained apply to all filters under this class which are considerable in number. This will enable us to determine the requirements for the current conveyor non-ideality terms in order to obtain a specified filter performance. A comparable demonstration of the filter transfer functions for two example current conveyor circuits will be given. Simulations including three types of filters, namely, the bandpass, lowpass and highpass filters, confirm the analytical expressions obtained.