Effect of Using H2 and CH4 Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore

Ayşe Deniz; Ceren İmer; Gökhan Başman; Yavuzhan Kaya; Onuralp Yücel

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore

Ayşe Deniz^*
, Ceren İmer
, Gökhan Başman
, Yavuzhan Kaya
, Onuralp Yücel

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

FerrochromeFerrochrome, an essential component for the metallurgical sector, is used as an ingredient for the stainless-steel manufacturing, with high-carbonCarbonferrochromeFerrochrome (HC FeCr) being the most common kind. Conventional carbothermic reduction techniques have considerable environmental issues due to high temperatures and significant energyEnergy usage. Each ton of HC FeCr made this way releases 4.7 to 6.1 tons of CO₂ equivalent greenhouse gases, and it uses between 40 and 59 GJ of energyEnergy per ton, mostly during the smelting stage. Therefore, the type of electrical power source used in the production process directly determines the environmental impact. This study reveals how hydrogenHydrogen (H₂) and methaneMethane (CH₄) gases affect the reduction process, checks how metallic phases and chromium carbides are formed, and examines the effect of some factors like temperature, gas mixture, and reaction time. The aim is to develop low-emission production conditions and contribute to sustainable metallurgySustainable metallurgy applications.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies
Editors	Onuralp Yücel, Wenwen Song, Eric Detsi, Shafiq Alam, Fiseha Tesfaye, Hong Peng, Chukwunwike Iloeje, Donna Post Guillen, Surojit Gupta, Jung Pyung Choi
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	137-146
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Print)	9783032139085
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13
Publication status	Published - 2026
Event	Symposium Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, TMS 2026 - San Diego, United States Duration: 15 Mar 2026 → 19 Mar 2026

Publication series

Name	Minerals, Metals and Materials Series
Volume	6
ISSN (Print)	2367-1181
ISSN (Electronic)	2367-1696

Conference

Conference	Symposium Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, TMS 2026
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego
Period	15/03/26 → 19/03/26

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2026.

Keywords

Chromite ore
Ferrochrome
Hydrogen reduction
Methane-assisted reduction
Sustainable metallurgy

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

Cite this

Deniz, A., İmer, C., Başman, G., Kaya, Y., & Yücel, O. (2026). Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore. In O. Yücel, W. Song, E. Detsi, S. Alam, F. Tesfaye, H. Peng, C. Iloeje, D. P. Guillen, S. Gupta, & J. P. Choi (Eds.), Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies (pp. 137-146). (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series; Vol. 6). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

Deniz, Ayşe ; İmer, Ceren ; Başman, Gökhan et al. / Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore. Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies. editor / Onuralp Yücel ; Wenwen Song ; Eric Detsi ; Shafiq Alam ; Fiseha Tesfaye ; Hong Peng ; Chukwunwike Iloeje ; Donna Post Guillen ; Surojit Gupta ; Jung Pyung Choi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. pp. 137-146 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series).

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title = "Effect of Using H2 and CH4 Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore",

abstract = "FerrochromeFerrochrome, an essential component for the metallurgical sector, is used as an ingredient for the stainless-steel manufacturing, with high-carbonCarbonferrochromeFerrochrome (HC FeCr) being the most common kind. Conventional carbothermic reduction techniques have considerable environmental issues due to high temperatures and significant energyEnergy usage. Each ton of HC FeCr made this way releases 4.7 to 6.1 tons of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases, and it uses between 40 and 59 GJ of energyEnergy per ton, mostly during the smelting stage. Therefore, the type of electrical power source used in the production process directly determines the environmental impact. This study reveals how hydrogenHydrogen (H2) and methaneMethane (CH4) gases affect the reduction process, checks how metallic phases and chromium carbides are formed, and examines the effect of some factors like temperature, gas mixture, and reaction time. The aim is to develop low-emission production conditions and contribute to sustainable metallurgySustainable metallurgy applications.",

keywords = "Chromite ore, Ferrochrome, Hydrogen reduction, Methane-assisted reduction, Sustainable metallurgy",

author = "Ay{\c s}e Deniz and Ceren İmer and G{\"o}khan Ba{\c s}man and Yavuzhan Kaya and Onuralp Y{\"u}cel",

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Deniz, A, İmer, C, Başman, G, Kaya, Y & Yücel, O 2026, Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore. in O Yücel, W Song, E Detsi, S Alam, F Tesfaye, H Peng, C Iloeje, DP Guillen, S Gupta & JP Choi (eds), Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, vol. 6, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 137-146, Symposium Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, TMS 2026, San Diego, United States, 15/03/26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore. / Deniz, Ayşe; İmer, Ceren; Başman, Gökhan et al.
Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies. ed. / Onuralp Yücel; Wenwen Song; Eric Detsi; Shafiq Alam; Fiseha Tesfaye; Hong Peng; Chukwunwike Iloeje; Donna Post Guillen; Surojit Gupta; Jung Pyung Choi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. p. 137-146 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series; Vol. 6).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Effect of Using H2 and CH4 Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore

AU - Deniz, Ayşe

AU - İmer, Ceren

AU - Başman, Gökhan

AU - Kaya, Yavuzhan

AU - Yücel, Onuralp

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2026.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - FerrochromeFerrochrome, an essential component for the metallurgical sector, is used as an ingredient for the stainless-steel manufacturing, with high-carbonCarbonferrochromeFerrochrome (HC FeCr) being the most common kind. Conventional carbothermic reduction techniques have considerable environmental issues due to high temperatures and significant energyEnergy usage. Each ton of HC FeCr made this way releases 4.7 to 6.1 tons of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases, and it uses between 40 and 59 GJ of energyEnergy per ton, mostly during the smelting stage. Therefore, the type of electrical power source used in the production process directly determines the environmental impact. This study reveals how hydrogenHydrogen (H2) and methaneMethane (CH4) gases affect the reduction process, checks how metallic phases and chromium carbides are formed, and examines the effect of some factors like temperature, gas mixture, and reaction time. The aim is to develop low-emission production conditions and contribute to sustainable metallurgySustainable metallurgy applications.

AB - FerrochromeFerrochrome, an essential component for the metallurgical sector, is used as an ingredient for the stainless-steel manufacturing, with high-carbonCarbonferrochromeFerrochrome (HC FeCr) being the most common kind. Conventional carbothermic reduction techniques have considerable environmental issues due to high temperatures and significant energyEnergy usage. Each ton of HC FeCr made this way releases 4.7 to 6.1 tons of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases, and it uses between 40 and 59 GJ of energyEnergy per ton, mostly during the smelting stage. Therefore, the type of electrical power source used in the production process directly determines the environmental impact. This study reveals how hydrogenHydrogen (H2) and methaneMethane (CH4) gases affect the reduction process, checks how metallic phases and chromium carbides are formed, and examines the effect of some factors like temperature, gas mixture, and reaction time. The aim is to develop low-emission production conditions and contribute to sustainable metallurgySustainable metallurgy applications.

KW - Chromite ore

KW - Ferrochrome

KW - Hydrogen reduction

KW - Methane-assisted reduction

KW - Sustainable metallurgy

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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

DO - 10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105031695728

SN - 9783032139085

T3 - Minerals, Metals and Materials Series

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BT - Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies

A2 - Yücel, Onuralp

A2 - Song, Wenwen

A2 - Detsi, Eric

A2 - Alam, Shafiq

A2 - Tesfaye, Fiseha

A2 - Peng, Hong

A2 - Iloeje, Chukwunwike

A2 - Guillen, Donna Post

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PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

T2 - Symposium Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, TMS 2026

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Deniz A, İmer C, Başman G, Kaya Y, Yücel O. Effect of Using H₂ and CH₄ Gases as Alternative Reductants of Chromite Ore. In Yücel O, Song W, Detsi E, Alam S, Tesfaye F, Peng H, Iloeje C, Guillen DP, Gupta S, Choi JP, editors, Energy Technology 2026 - Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2026. p. 137-146. (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series). doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-13909-2_13