Covalent immobilization of lysozyme onto stainless steel as an anti-biofilm coating

Covalent immobilization of an enzyme for use as antimicrobial biocompatible surface applications was performed utilizing the sol-gel chemistry, illustrated by chicken egg white lysozyme. The sol-gel network, which contains amine functional groups, provides covalent attachment sites for the enzyme via the carbodiimide reaction. As an alternative method, these free amine groups of the sol-gel layer were utilized for the immobilization of lysozyme from its N-terminus by using poly(acrylic acid) brushes as the linker molecule. The enzymatic activity of covalently immobilized lysozyme with both of the procedures has been investigated.