Abstract
Quantifying denudation rates under different climatic and tectonic settings is fundamental to understanding landscape evolution. Carbonate rocks may respond differently to climatic and tectonic forcings than other rock types because of their tendency to dissolve congruently. Yet, there is little information on the long-term denudation rate of carbonates and their controlling factors in different settings. Here, we present the first long-term denudation rates for carbonates in the south of the Central Anatolian Plateau. We quantified the outcrop denudation rates using in-situ cosmogenic 36Cl measured in 13 rock samples to evaluate spatial variations and potential controls on the style and rate of denudation. 36Cl-derived denudation rates range from 1.92 ± 0.31 to 45.77 ± 3.91 mm/ka. On the plateau, denudation rates are strongly correlated with precipitation and are lower than the theoretical maximum dissolution rates predicted assuming zero evaporation, implying that climate exerts the major control on carbonate denudation. These results indicate that chemical weathering is the prevalent denudation style. The denudation pattern shows spatial variability with a decreasing trend from SW to NE consistent with climate zones. High-to-moderate denudation rates occur in the continental climate, while the lowest denudation rates occur in the arid plateau interior. In the Mediterranean coastal region, measured denudation rates are higher than the predicted maximum dissolution rates, reflecting the mechanical removal of overlying rock or soil. The low denudation rates in the plateau interior indicate a slowly evolving landscape with an arid climate. The physical properties of rocks showed the weakest control on carbonate denudation. In the Central Taurides, significant infiltration of surface runoff resulted in strong subsurface karstification at the expense of surface drainage. This process caused disequilibrium between uplift and denudation and resulted in the preservation of high-elevation topography. Therefore, in the actively uplifting plateau margin, the influence of tectonics on carbonate denudation has been interfered with the impact of precipitation and subsurface karstification.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 108351 |
Journal | Quaternary Science Reviews |
Volume | 321 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
This work was supported by the Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, BAP Project [grant number MDK–2019–42116] and TÜBİTAK [grant number 118Y052]. We acknowledge the financial support from the Australian Government for the Centre for Accelerator Science at ANSTO, Australia (#AP12630) through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). We thank the editor Giovanni Zanchetta for his efforts in the review process. We are very grateful to the anonymous first reviewer for his critical reviews and valuable constructive comments, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. We appreciate the second reviewer, Darryl Granger, for his insightful comments and suggestions. We thank Attila Çiner for his comments on the first draft of this manuscript. We thank Oğuzhan Köse and Şeyma Yıldız Köse, Cengiz Yıldırım, Uroš Stepišnik and Manja Žebre for their assistance during fieldwork.
Funders | Funder number |
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Australian Government | 12630 |
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu | 118Y052 |
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi | MDK–2019–42116 |
Keywords
- Carbonate
- Central Anatolian Plateau
- Central Taurids
- Chlorine-36
- Climate
- Cosmogenic nuclides
- Denudation rate
- Precipitation