Comparison of bioactive constituents by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS and UFLC and in vitro antioxidant activities of blossom honey, bee pollen, and propolis

Öznur Saroğlu, Nesrin Ecem Bayram*, Beraat Özçelik

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the total phenolic content, phenolic profile, and antioxidant activity of honey, bee pollen, and propolis samples from Turkey's Black Sea Region. The total phenolic content of these bee products was found using Folin–Ciocalteu's method, and their antioxidant capacity was found using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Phenolic compounds of honey samples were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector and mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS), while phenolic compounds of bee pollen and propolis samples were quantified ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC). The total phenolic values for honey, bee pollen and propolis were 6.32–18.21 mg GAE/100 g, 547.64–769.4 mg GAE/100 gr, and 6096.1–11,564 mg GAE/100 gr, respectively. DPPH and CUPRAC values of honey, pollen and propolis were 11.05–21.38% and 0.38–1.48 µmol Trolox/g; 24.67–38.63% and 0.03–0.05 mmol Trolox/g; 11.81–34.12% and 0.47–0.89 mmol Trolox/g, respectively. About 30 different phenolic compounds were identified as quantitative. Our findings have shown that all bee products examined in the study are found to contain gallic acid, naringenin, and caffeic acid. In terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, the bee product extracts were ranked as follows: propolis > bee pollen > honey. The high concentration of phenolic compounds in propolis explains its remarkable antioxidant effect.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3085-3096
Number of pages12
JournalEuropean Food Research and Technology
Volume249
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Bee pollen
  • Honey
  • Phenolic compounds
  • Propolis

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