Cognitive studies in the maritime domain

In our technological world, the human factor plays a key role in many industrial and civil operations, and is likely to cause more accidents than those caused by technical malfunctions. Solving problems and completing assigned tasks require the capacity to process information. This capacity is referred to as "cognitive ability." The International Maritime Organization has decided that "human element issues" have a high priority in the organization's work program since they play an imperative role in preventing maritime accidents." Cognitive abilities are the capacities to receive input, interpret information, and turn results into action to produce information from the external environment. At the same time, cognition is the system formed by these capacities. Ships are complex systems, and stressors that accompany life onboard can directly impact the cognition process and information cycle of personnel. Studies have identified that errors onboard can arise from the "human factor," highlighting the importance of considering the cognitive processes of onboard personnel. As a result, alterations in an individual's psychological and physiological state, as well as changes in the ship's environment, can significantly impact cognitive processes involved in information acquisition. Therefore, it is critical to consider the impact of these factors on cognitive processes when investigating information acquisition. Considering the ecological, psychological, and physiological changes that crew members experience onboard a ship, stress factors are one of the most significant causes of loss of cognition. It is essential to recognize this and take steps to minimize stress levels for onboard personnel to maintain optimal cognitive function. Most of the cognitive studies on seafarers found in literature are based on experiments conducted in simulator environments, highlighting the need for more research in natural environments. As such, this section of the book will explore the concept of cognition and its relationship with the maritime industry. Topics to be discussed include cognitive applications in maritime settings, comparative cognitive models, and the role of motivation and development in cognitive performance. By delving into these areas, this book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive processes involved in maritime operations and how they can be improved for better outcomes.