Chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected in Budapest and Istanbul

Tamás Szigeti; Victor G. Mihucz; Mihály Óvári; Asli Baysal; Semin Atilgan; Süleyman Akman; Gyula Záray

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.029

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected in Budapest and Istanbul

Tamás Szigeti, Victor G. Mihucz, Mihály Óvári, Asli Baysal, Semin Atilgan, Süleyman Akman, Gyula Záray^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

48 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In the present work, a comprehensive chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected with high-volume aerosol samplers in Budapest (Hungary) and Istanbul (Turkey) was carried out from June 2010 to May 2011. The analyses included (i) gravimetric determination of PM2.5 mass concentration; (ii) trace element determination (Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Rb, Sb, Sn, Te, Tl, U, V, Zn) after microwave-assisted aqua regia and sonication-assisted water extraction by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry; (iii) evaluation of major anions (SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^-) as well as NH₄⁺ concentrations in the aerosol samples subjected to sonication-assisted water extraction by ion chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively; iv) assessment of total and water-soluble carbons by a C/N analyzer in the samples. The mean PM2.5 mass concentrations were 23.0μg/m³ and 40.0μg/m³ in Budapest and Istanbul, meanwhile the target value for this parameter set by the European Commission as annual mean value is 25.0μg/m³. The determined trace metal concentrations were 1.2-20 times higher for all elements in Istanbul than in Budapest. Generally, the water extractability of trace elements was similar irrespectively of the sampling sites with exception of Cr, Mn, Ni and V which had higher solubility in the samples collected in Istanbul. Seasonal variations of the NO₃^-/PM2.5 and SO₄^2-/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios were observed in both cities. Higher concentrations of total (TC) and water-soluble carbon (WSC) were measured in Istanbul than in Budapest, however, the contribution of the TC content to the PM2.5 mass was more significant in the latter city. The WSC/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios showed also seasonal profile in both sampling sites.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	86-94
Number of pages	9
Journal	Microchemical Journal
Volume	107
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.029
Publication status	Published - Mar 2013

Funding

The financial support of National Innovation Office of Hungary (Project No. OMFB–00582/2009 ) as well as Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No. 108Y328 ) is hereby acknowledged. Moreover, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Mr. Géza Hizsnyik from Natural Environment Protection and Hydrological Inspectorate of the Central Danube Valley for the help given for sampling of aerosol samples in Budapest.

Funders	Funder number
National Innovation Office of Hungary	OMFB–00582/2009
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu	108Y328

Keywords

IC
ICP-MS
Seasonal patterns
Total and water-soluble carbon
Trace elements
Urban aerosol

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.029

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title = "Chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected in Budapest and Istanbul",

abstract = "In the present work, a comprehensive chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected with high-volume aerosol samplers in Budapest (Hungary) and Istanbul (Turkey) was carried out from June 2010 to May 2011. The analyses included (i) gravimetric determination of PM2.5 mass concentration; (ii) trace element determination (Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Rb, Sb, Sn, Te, Tl, U, V, Zn) after microwave-assisted aqua regia and sonication-assisted water extraction by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry; (iii) evaluation of major anions (SO42-, NO3-, Cl-) as well as NH4+ concentrations in the aerosol samples subjected to sonication-assisted water extraction by ion chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively; iv) assessment of total and water-soluble carbons by a C/N analyzer in the samples. The mean PM2.5 mass concentrations were 23.0μg/m3 and 40.0μg/m3 in Budapest and Istanbul, meanwhile the target value for this parameter set by the European Commission as annual mean value is 25.0μg/m3. The determined trace metal concentrations were 1.2-20 times higher for all elements in Istanbul than in Budapest. Generally, the water extractability of trace elements was similar irrespectively of the sampling sites with exception of Cr, Mn, Ni and V which had higher solubility in the samples collected in Istanbul. Seasonal variations of the NO3-/PM2.5 and SO42-/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios were observed in both cities. Higher concentrations of total (TC) and water-soluble carbon (WSC) were measured in Istanbul than in Budapest, however, the contribution of the TC content to the PM2.5 mass was more significant in the latter city. The WSC/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios showed also seasonal profile in both sampling sites.",

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AU - Szigeti, Tamás

AU - Mihucz, Victor G.

AU - Óvári, Mihály

AU - Baysal, Asli

AU - Atilgan, Semin

AU - Akman, Süleyman

AU - Záray, Gyula

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AB - In the present work, a comprehensive chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected with high-volume aerosol samplers in Budapest (Hungary) and Istanbul (Turkey) was carried out from June 2010 to May 2011. The analyses included (i) gravimetric determination of PM2.5 mass concentration; (ii) trace element determination (Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Rb, Sb, Sn, Te, Tl, U, V, Zn) after microwave-assisted aqua regia and sonication-assisted water extraction by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry; (iii) evaluation of major anions (SO42-, NO3-, Cl-) as well as NH4+ concentrations in the aerosol samples subjected to sonication-assisted water extraction by ion chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively; iv) assessment of total and water-soluble carbons by a C/N analyzer in the samples. The mean PM2.5 mass concentrations were 23.0μg/m3 and 40.0μg/m3 in Budapest and Istanbul, meanwhile the target value for this parameter set by the European Commission as annual mean value is 25.0μg/m3. The determined trace metal concentrations were 1.2-20 times higher for all elements in Istanbul than in Budapest. Generally, the water extractability of trace elements was similar irrespectively of the sampling sites with exception of Cr, Mn, Ni and V which had higher solubility in the samples collected in Istanbul. Seasonal variations of the NO3-/PM2.5 and SO42-/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios were observed in both cities. Higher concentrations of total (TC) and water-soluble carbon (WSC) were measured in Istanbul than in Budapest, however, the contribution of the TC content to the PM2.5 mass was more significant in the latter city. The WSC/PM2.5 mass concentration ratios showed also seasonal profile in both sampling sites.

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KW - ICP-MS

KW - Seasonal patterns

KW - Total and water-soluble carbon

KW - Trace elements

KW - Urban aerosol

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SP - 86

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JF - Microchemical Journal

ER -

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 fractions of urban aerosol collected in Budapest and Istanbul

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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