Characterising fog formation mechanisms and meteorological interactions

This study uses aviation routine weather report (METAR), the calculated Fog Stability Index (FOGSI), correlation analysis and the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model conducted by the authors to examine fog events at Istanbul International Airport (LTFM) between the years 2018 and 2022. 53% of 61 foggy days occurred due to advection. The longest event, which lasted 18.5 hours and was simulated in this study, started on 16 December 2018. At LTFM, the FOGSI Index showed poor reliability, particularly during precipitation fog. Conditions favouring advection fog such as low-level inversion and high humidity were confirmed by the model analysis.