Abstract
An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model it backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed nn events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at √s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity o 41.5 fb-1.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | P06032 |
| Journal | Journal of Instrumentation |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 21 Jun 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2019 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.
Funding
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, theATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [62].
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| ASGC (Taiwan) | |
| BSF-NSF | |
| CEA-DRF | |
| Cantons of Bern and Geneva | |
| Czech Republic | |
| DNSRC | IN2P3-CNRS |
| EU-ESF | |
| GridKA | |
| INFN-CNAF | |
| IRFU | |
| MES of Russia | |
| MIZŠ | |
| MNE | |
| NDGF | CC-IN2P3 |
| RGC | |
| VSC CR | |
| Wallenberg Foundation | |
| National Science Foundation | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung | |
| Brookhaven National Laboratory | |
| Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) | |
| Karlsruhe Institute of Technology | |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | 675440 |
| H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions | |
| Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation | |
| CERN | |
| Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası | |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | |
| National Research Council Canada | |
| Canada Foundation for Innovation | |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council | |
| Leverhulme Trust | |
| Royal Society | |
| European Research Council | |
| European Cooperation in Science and Technology | |
| Australian Research Council | |
| Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India | |
| Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft | |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | |
| Agence Nationale de la Recherche | |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | |
| Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | |
| Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung | |
| Danmarks Grundforskningsfond | |
| German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development | |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
| National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
| Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy | |
| Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | |
| Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
| Chinese Academy of Sciences | |
| Austrian Science Fund | |
| Generalitat de Catalunya | |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo | |
| Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica | |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | |
| Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft | |
| General Secretariat for Research and Technology | |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | |
| National Research Foundation of Korea | |
| Joint Institute for Nuclear Research | |
| Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science | |
| Israel Science Foundation | |
| Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki | |
| Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS | |
| Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja | |
| Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki | |
| Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan | |
| Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique | |
| Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation | |
| British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund | |
| European Regional Development Fund | |
| Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation | |
| National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" | |
| Institutul de Fizică Atomică |
Keywords
- Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods
- Performance of high energy physics detectors