Adaptive Handover Decision Algorithm for Load Balancing in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Load balancing is one of the key challenges facing the practical implementation of future Heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The case becomes more critical with the implementation of millimeter wave (mmWave) for 5G and further more with 6G mobile networks. Conventional approaches for balancing load, such as maximum signal-To-noise plus noise ratio (max-SINR) and maximum received signal reference power (max-RSRP), may not be efficient and applicable to be utilized in future HetNets. This is due to the significant changes in networks deployment scenarios and network characterizations. In this paper, the proposed algorithm adaptively makes handover (HO) decisions (HODs) based on different decision algorithms selected according to resource availability of serving and target cells to balance traffic load and maximize throughput in fifth-generation (5G) HetNets. A two-step target cell selection strategy that takes into account resource availability of cells and SINR level is integrated into decision algorithms to select the most suitable target cell. Moreover, the proposed algorithm automatically adjusts the HO margin (HOM) level according to the resource availability of the serving cell in a self-optimized manner. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms benchmark algorithms in traffic load balancing and throughput maximization.