A Multiple objective formulation of an electric vehicle routing problem for shuttle bus fleet at a university campus

In the present study, we handle the electric bus routing problem considering a road network that serves a university campus area with colleges, dormitories, social and recreational areas, and etc. We propose a multi-objective formulation using the actual network characteristics together with the power consumption characteristics of light electric vehicles, the electricity consumption rates in areas where state universities are located, and an assumption on fast charging station mounting costs. Aiming to minimize the costs of multiple objectives on vehicle operating, recharging, and fast charging station implementation the integer programming model we formulate finds the least cost set of routes for the vehicles originating from a single depot that serves to all the campus-wide student transport demand by not exceeding the driving range without visiting a charging station. We originally consider the intersections existing on the case network as intermediate nodes, in addition to bus stop, and hence, sometimes charging station nodes.