A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT AND MODELING

In today’s technological advancement, battery utilization is rapidly increasing due to the rising usage of electric vehicles (EVs). The need for effective energy storage in batteries has increased along with battery development. Furthermore, the battery’s operating temperature has a significant impact on EV’s performance in addition to a few other factors. This study focuses primarily on the battery technologies, types, battery thermal management systems (BTMS), and thermal modeling. Various battery types, such as lead–acid, nickel-based, and lithium-based batteries, are scrutinized, shedding light on their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. The research then delves into the critical aspect of battery thermal management, examining different cooling techniques such as air cooling, PCM-based cooling, heat pipe cooling, and liquid cooling. The effectiveness, challenges, and applications of each method are carefully analyzed. Furthermore, the review addresses thermal modeling approaches for batteries, exploring direct measurement and indirect calculation methodologies. Models like NTGK, P2D, equivalent circuit model (ECM), and artificial neural networks (ANN) are evaluated for their roles in predicting battery performance and safety. At the end of the review, a summary is made for comparison of all the battery types, thermal management systems, and thermal models.