Abstract
A maximum wind gust speed of 79.3 kn was measured on 2 August 2011 at the Esenboğa International Airport (International Air Transport Association [IATA] code: ESB), which is located in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. This value is the highest maximum wind gust speed value measured at this airport over the last 60 years. At the time of this meteorological event, a thunderstorm with heavy rain (+TSRA) occurred, which reduced the runway visibility to 150 m. Total precipitation of 21.8 mm was measured during a 20-min period, and part of the apron was submerged. A multicellular severe convective storm (MSCS) caused this influential event. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meteorological conditions underlying this MSCS event. Synoptic and sounding reanalysis products obtained with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (four nested domains were established with horizontal resolution of 27, 9, 3, and 1 km), in addition to satellite, radar, sounding, aviation routine weather report (METAR), selected aviation special weather report (SPECI), and automated weather observing system (AWOS) (on a minute basis) data obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), were analysed. During MSCS transition, the maximum radar-measured reflectivity value was 61.0 dBZ. Based on Stokes’ theorem, maximum runway divergence and convergence values of 15.0 × 10–3 and 19.3 × 10–3 s−1, respectively, were calculated. As a result, it was found that compared to the low convective available potential energy (CAPE) value of 978.9 J kg−1, the 0- to 6-km above-ground-level (AGL) deep layer shear was high, at approximately 40 kn.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4107-4126 |
Number of pages | 20 |
Journal | Pure and Applied Geophysics |
Volume | 178 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2021 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Funding
The author is thankful to the TSMS for the provided meteorological data. In addition, the author acknowledges Ali Deniz, Şenol Erbay, Cem Özen, Veli Yavuz, Caner Kantemir, and Ömer Yetemen for their help. Thank you to David Babb for allowing the use of Figure 1. In addition, the author gives thanks to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for the provided support. The author also acknowledges the editor and reviewers for their contributions to the improvement of the manuscript.
Funders | Funder number |
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TSMS | |
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu |
Keywords
- CAPE
- severe
- shear
- Stokes’ theorem
- thunderstorm
- wind gust